Google going nuclear

**JABIII** · 10-15-2024, 10:05 AM

Google signs deal to use small modular nuclear reactors to power AI data centers
by Julia Shapero - 10/15/24 10:18 AM ET

Google has signed a deal with Kairos Power to build a fleet of small modular nuclear reactors to power its data centers, the tech giant announced Monday.

The small modular reactors, a type of next generation nuclear reactor that has yet to be built in the U.S., are scheduled to be completed between 2030 and 2035 and will produce 500 megawatts of power.

The deal comes at a crucial moment, as Google and other Big Tech firms search for ways to meet the extensive energy demands of artificial intelligence (AI).

“The grid needs new electricity sources to support AI technologies that are powering major scientific advances, improving services for businesses and customers, and driving national competitiveness and economic growth,” Michael Terrell, Google’s senior director of energy and climate, wrote in a blog post.

“This agreement helps accelerate a new technology to meet energy needs cleanly and reliably, and unlock the full potential of AI for everyone,” he added.

Kairos Power touted Google as “more than just a customer” following the deal’s announcement.

“Our partnership with Google will enable Kairos Power to quickly advance down the learning curve as we drive toward cost and schedule certainty for our commercial product,” Kairos CEO and co-founder Mike Laufer said in a statement.

Google CEO Sundar Pichai told Nikkei earlier this month that he was looking at using nuclear energy, including small modular reactors, to power the company’s data centers.

Nuclear represents a key carbon-free source of energy at a time when the tech giant is struggling to cut its emissions and reach its goal of becoming net-zero by the end of the decade. Google’s emissions rose 13 percent in 2023 and are up 48 percent since 2019.

https://thehill.com/policy/technolog...-data-centers/

**JABIII** · 10-15-2024, 10:08 AM

And so is Microsoft. All for AI...

Why Microsoft made a deal to help restart Three Mile Island
A once-shuttered nuclear plant could soon return to the grid.

By Casey Crownhart
September 26, 2024

Nuclear power is coming back to Three Mile Island.

Palisades Power Plant in Michigan could be the first shut-down nuclear plant to restart operations.

That nuclear power plant is typically associated with a very specific event. One of its reactors, Unit 2, suffered a partial meltdown in 1979 in what remains the most significant nuclear accident in US history. It has been shuttered ever since.

But the site, in Pennsylvania, is also home to another reactor—Unit 1, which consistently and safely generated electricity for decades until it was shut down in 2019. The site’s owner announced last week that it has plans to reopen the plant and signed a deal with Microsoft. The company will purchase the plant’s entire electric generating capacity over the next 20 years.

This news is fascinating for so many reasons. Obviously this site holds a certain significance in the history of nuclear power in the US. There’s a possibility this would be one of the first reactors in the country to reopen after shutting down. And Microsoft will be buying all the electricity from the reactor. Let’s dig into what this says about the future of the nuclear industry and Big Tech’s power demand.

Unit 2 at Three Mile Island operated for just a few months before the accident, in March 1979. At the time, Unit 1 was down for refueling. That reactor started back up, to some controversy, in the mid-1980s and produced enough electricity for hundreds of thousands of homes in the area for more than 30 years.

Eventually, though, the plant faced economic struggles. Even though it was operating at relatively high efficiency and with low costs, it was driven out of business by record low prices for natural gas and the introduction of relatively cheap, subsidized renewable energy to the grid, says Patrick White, research director of the Nuclear Innovation Alliance, a nonprofit think tank.

That situation has shifted in just the past few years, White says. There’s more money available now for nuclear, including new technology-agnostic tax credits in the Inflation Reduction Act. And there’s also rising concern about the increased energy demand on the power grid, in part from tech giants looking to power data centers like those needed to run AI.

In announcing its deal with Microsoft, Constellation Energy, the owner of Three Mile Island Unit 1, also shared that the plant is getting a rebrand—the site will be renamed the Crane Clean Energy Center. (Not sure if that one’s going to stick.)

The confluence of the particular location of this reactor and the fact that the electricity will go to power data centers (and other infrastructure) makes this whole announcement instantly attention-grabbing. As one headline put it, “Microsoft AI Needs So Much Power It's Tapping Site of US Nuclear Meltdown.”

For some people in climate circles, this deal makes a lot of sense. Nuclear power remains one of the most expensive forms of electricity today. But experts say it could play a crucial role on the grid, since the plants typically put out a consistent amount of electricity—it’s often referred to as “firm power,” in contrast with renewables like wind and solar that are intermittently available.

Without guaranteed money there’s a chance this reactor would simply have been decommissioned as planned. Reopening plants that shuttered recently could provide an opportunity to get the benefits of nuclear power without having to build an entirely new project.

In March, the Palisades Nuclear Plant in Michigan got a loan guarantee from the US Department of Energy’s Loan Programs Office to the tune of over $1.5 billion to help restart. Palisades shut down in 2022, and the site’s owner says it hopes to get it back online by late 2025. It will be the first shuttered reactor in the US to come back online, if everything goes as planned. (For more details, check out my story from earlier this year.)

Three Mile Island may not be far behind—Constellation says the reactor could be running again by 2028. (Interestingly, the facility will need to separately undergo a relicensing process in just a few years, as it’s currently only licensed to run through 2034. A standard 20-year extension could have it running until 2054.)

Startup Kairos Power has reached two milestones recently for its molten salt-cooled reactor.

If Three Mile Island comes back online, Microsoft will be the one benefiting, as its long-term power purchase agreement would secure it enough energy to power roughly 800,000 homes every year. Except in this case, it’ll be used to help run the company’s data center infrastructure in the region.

This isn’t the first recent sign Big Tech is jumping in on nuclear power: Earlier this year, Amazon purchased a data center site right next to the Susquehanna nuclear power plant, also in Pennsylvania.

While Amazon will use only part of the output of the Susquehanna plant, Microsoft will buy all the power that Three Mile Island produces. That raises the question of who’s paying for what in this whole arrangement. Ratepayers won’t be expected to shoulder any of the costs to restart the facility, Constellation CEO Joe Dominguez told the Washington Post. The company also won’t seek any special subsidies from the state, he added.

However, Dominguez also told the Post that federal money is key in allowing this project to go forward. Specifically, there are tax credits in the Inflation Reduction Act set aside for existing nuclear plants.

The company declined to give the Post a value for the potential tax credits and didn’t respond to my request for comment, but I busted out a calculator and did my own math. Assuming an 835-megawatt plant running at 96.3% capacity (the figure Constellation gave for the plant’s final year of operation) and a $15-per-megawatt-hour tax credit, that could add up to about $100 million each year, assuming requirements for wages and price are met.

It’ll be interesting to see how much further this trend of restarting plants might go. The Duane Arnold nuclear plant in Iowa is one potential candidate—it shuttered in 2020 after 45 years, and the site’s owner has made public comments about the potential of reopening.

Restarting any or all of these three sites could be the latest sign of an approaching nuclear resurgence. Big tech companies need lots of energy, and bringing old nuclear plants onto the grid—or, better yet, keeping aging ones open—seems to me like a great way to meet demand.

But given the relative rarity of opportunities to snag power from recently closed or closing plants, I think the biggest question for the industry is whether this wave of interest will translate into building new reactors as well.

https://www.technologyreview.com/202...and-microsoft/

**Gunning Bird** · 10-15-2024, 10:29 AM

I wonder what the NRC thinks of all this and at what point these companies are at in the lengthy regulatory processes required to bring a nuke online.

**billyjack** · 10-15-2024, 10:49 AM

Giving Skynet an unlimited power supply. Great idea.

**Glenn** · 10-15-2024, 11:27 AM

Originally Posted by Gunning Bird

I wonder what the NRC thinks of all this and at what point these companies are at in the lengthy regulatory processes required to bring a nuke online.

You'll see those regulations get loosened. "you want your party, name, group booted off of searches completely or linked to only negative stories? Then sign the paper."

Shocked, I mean SHOCKED they aren't building solar and wind farms.

**Highstrung** · 10-15-2024, 11:46 AM

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**reeltight** · 10-15-2024, 12:29 PM

Nuclear is the best possible solution base load power. Period...the end. Can it be supplemented by NG, Coal, wind and solar...sure, but why would you other than to raise your hand and say "look at me" we are green. The reality is nuclear is about as green as it gets. 90% efficient...90%!

For these large companies that pushing the green agenda but also watching the bottom-line, it's a no brainer. But the talking bobble-heads want pick it up because it doesn't fit the agenda.

**lowbudget** · 10-15-2024, 12:34 PM

I've never understood how the Navy can build a nuke plant a year capable of powering a small city, and have a damn near impeccable record operating them underwater, silently, and within inches of sleeping berths, and feet from tons of high explosives. All while largely manned by 20 somethings with a basic BS degree plus a few years of specialized training. Yet no one else can figure out how to safely build one encased in feet of concrete with all the safety precautions in the world available, and a room full of PHD's.

I guess for once the private sector is playing catch up to the public sector.

**centurian** · 10-15-2024, 12:45 PM

Originally Posted by lowbudget

I've never understood how the Navy can build a nuke plant a year capable of powering a small city, and have a damn near impeccable record operating them underwater, silently, and within inches of sleeping berths, and feet from tons of high explosives. All while largely manned by 20 somethings with a basic BS degree plus a few years of specialized training. Yet no one else can figure out how to safely build one encased in feet of concrete with all the safety precautions in the world available, and a room full of PHD's.

I guess for once the private sector is playing catch up to the public sector.

I doubt the reactors in the nuke subs and carriers can compete in cost with these new generation reactors. AND we dont know what the safety record is with the new reactors.

**lowbudget** · 10-15-2024, 01:04 PM

Of course they cant, they are built to mil-spec. Designed to be operated at 100% capacity in combat conditions.

The point is the Navy is building and safely operating a reactor a year, yet no one else in the entire country can figure out how to successfully cut the BS Red Tape and build one? Its not a knowledge problem, its a bureaucracy problem. I'm glad someone big enough is finally throwing their weight behind it to make it happen. Distributed small scale nuclear is the future. Redundancy, less transmission infrastructure required, mishap consequences are lower, and can begin supplementing existing grid shortfalls quickly.

**Chuck the Duck Slayer** · 10-25-2024, 11:35 AM

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**Duck Nitz** · 10-25-2024, 11:47 AM

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**Palmetto Duck** · Today, 08:43 AM

Originally Posted by lowbudget

Of course they cant, they are built to mil-spec. Designed to be operated at 100% capacity in combat conditions.

The point is the Navy is building and safely operating a reactor a year, yet no one else in the entire country can figure out how to successfully cut the BS Red Tape and build one? Its not a knowledge problem, its a bureaucracy problem. I'm glad someone big enough is finally throwing their weight behind it to make it happen. Distributed small scale nuclear is the future. Redundancy, less transmission infrastructure required, mishap consequences are lower, and can begin supplementing existing grid shortfalls quickly.

The answer is of course we can except for environmental regs and anti-nuke lobby. As mentioned, the military has been doing it over 50 years. I’ve seen this coming fir a couple of years as I watch these public and some private companies’ growth in this AI software and infrastructure space and it’s power needs absolutely explode. Hell anyone knows our grid can’t handle it now. California has brown outs when it simply gets hot a few days. Elon is lining up to do AI compute in space and all his competitors in that space are in the race too but he owns the track at this point. Small nuclear is simply the only other option. Our world power status hinges on, among other things, leading and controlling the AI race and expansion. Politicians see that whether they like nukes or not.